The shamed person is degraded in his/her entire person. In disintegrative shaming, the focus is not only on the actual act committed, but on the person as a whole. (Braithwaite, 1989: 55) Disintegrative Shaming Disintegratives Shaming: the British priest Titus Oates at the pillory Disintegrative shaming (stigmatization), in contrast, divides the community by creating a class of outcasts. These gestures of reacceptance will vary from a simple smile expressing forgiveness and love to quite formal cere-monies to decertify the offender as deviant. Reintegrative shaming means that expressions of community disapproval, which may range from mild rebuke to degradation ceremonies, are followed by gestures of reacceptance into the community of law-abiding citizens. The crucial distinction is between shaming that is reintegrative and shaming that is disintegrative (stigmatization). Braithwaite understands shaming as “all social processes of expressing disapproval which have the intention or effect of invoking remorse in the person being shamed and/or condemnation by others who become aware of the shaming” (Braithwaite, 1989: 100).Īccording to Braithwaite there are two forms of shaming: Based on the labeling approach, control theories and theories of social disorganization, Braithwaite distinguishing between two forms of shaming to explain the different ways in which penalties work.
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